Homestead Røenget

"Røenget" was a homestead under Røvika, and was located just below where you stand. In 1865, Sivert (33 years old) and Lisbet (24 years old) lived here. They had as many as 12 children, but several died at a young age, four of them from diphtheria *. None of the children settled on Inderøy, so when the parents died, the place was merged with Raudgrinda, and Jørgen Gran built new houses.

There were no livestock on the site, but they sowed oats and potatoes. Sivert who lived here in the 1860s was a man who was noticed. He came from Mære and made a living as a shoemaker. As a young man he had served in the King's Guard in Stockholm, and only stout guys were taken out for such service! This was in the time of union with Sweden: 1814 - 1905 (91 years). The union was a "personnel union" with two separate states and one head - the king. The countries had a common king and foreign minister, but their own government and prime minister. The king had guards with soldiers from both countries. It was here that Sivert was selected to serve in the 1850s.

When the well-built guy came walking, it was easy to see that he was an athlete. He was an eloquent man people looked up to and respected.

* Diphtheria: An acute infection of the throat and respiratory tract for which there was no medication at this time. Today, all children have vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis

Homestead Skogen

(Illustration image)

"Skogen" was a homestead under Kvam nedre ("lower") which was located directly above here. The man who cleared the place was named Olav Halvorson, born in 1820, and came from Gudbrandsdalen. Olav was married to Serina Olsdatter. Together they had 2 children, but Serina died when the children were small, and Olav had to find a new wife: Massi Bruås born 1829.

They cultivated the soil, and in 1875 (25 years after he started clearing soil), had both cows and sheep. They had the place until the end of the 1890s, but then their health began to decline, the children had left, and Olav and Massi could no longer manage on their own. They were then "satt på Legd" in the village, which was common at that time for those who did not have family to take care of.

The site was now sold to Martinus Stene as additional land to Stene.

From “Legd” to National Insurance

Photo: Wash out after someone who had died on "Legd". Drawing by Amund Hagen via Historiefortelleren.no

"Legd" dates from the 13th century and was a form of care for the dependent and the poor, where they were moved from farm to farm in turn (also called "house-walking" back in the Viking Age). Here they got food and housing, for example for 2 weeks, before they were sent on to the next farm.

This was enshrined in the Frostating Act in 1276, and those who took in people in this way received a certain amount of support. The scheme varied according to the state of health. Those with the worst health were given set routes that had to be followed, while those who were partly able to work were auctioned off in a reverse auction. The person who offered the least in remuneration (ie money in support) received the contract for the partially able-bodied person on the assumption that he could work a little - and thus had a value.

However, it was important not to sit with the dependent when he / she died, then one had to pay funeral costs!

The Poverty Commission

From the middle of the 18th century, a "poor commission" was appointed in each settlement. This consisted of the priest and sheriff as well as a couple of high-ranking people. It was these who decided who should get help, and how. The requirements for getting help were gradually tightened, among other things one had to have a right of residence in the municipality (at least 3 years of work). It was a shame to get this kind of help.

Voluntary pension scheme

In 1906, there was a voluntary arrangement between employee and employer to set aside a small amount for retirement. The state was also somewhat involved. But the scheme was little used because people needed what they earned for a living, so it received little response. In 1935, only every 4th employee was a member of a trade union - which governed the scheme.

Towards today's social security schemes

In 1936, the Old Age Insurance Act came into force. This was means-tested, so there were many who did not get it. For example, those who had housing on the farms or other income.

1 1939 came Unemployment Insurance. During the war, many of the social benefits were taken away, but after the war there was probably more unity and a social attitude among the people. In 1946 came child benefit (we needed more people).

In 1957, health insurance came to everyone. In 1959, there was an old-age pension for everyone without a means test. In 1961 came the disability benefit. In 1967 - National Insurance from 70 years, which was lowered to 67 years in 1973.

Røgrinda (“Raugrinda”)

Homestead Røgrinda

This was a homestead under Røvika from the middle of the 19th century. The first to live here were Henrik Hanson from Sparbu, and Nella Jakobsd. Henrik was a carpenter. The next to live her was their son Hans, born in 1859, and his wife Anna. Around 1900, Hans and Anna bought land near Hogstad and built a home there ("Grindvold").

In 1902, Jämten (from "Jämtland in Sweden) Ole Nilson moved from Åre here. He married Margrete from "Håggån" (Håggåholmen / Jonholmen / Haugen leisure area today), and they had the place until 1910 when they moved back to Jämtland. Now the place was returned to the main farm Røvika, and in 1924 the place was merged with "Rødenget" and bought by road warden Jørgen Gran. Together with his wife Margrete, they built the farm Granheim, which was also called "Skogen".

Stene

Picture: It was probably not how the animals got the water served in 1780, but rather in an well below the houses. The area here has been named "Smørbekken". The name originates from the time the farmers at Sakshaug had a "drinking station" here on their way to and from summer grazing on Nordfjellet. Then those who lived on the site received butter in return.

Stene

The highest point of the property. It was in the year 1886 that the property was named Stene.
Mortinus Petterson Melhus married the daughter (Ingeborg Margrete) from the place, which until then had been a homestead under Kvam nedre.

Mortinus and Ingeborg bought the place and called it "Stene", they also took Stene as family name. As a homestead, the place also got the nickname "Smørbekken". Towards the end of the 1890s, Mortinus and Ingeborg also bought the neighboring farm «Skogen», as additional land.

So one may ask how the young people could afford to buy land and houses at that time?

Mortinus was of German military lineage (Bruneck), and military commander at the time had good pay. There were many of them who bought farms in several places on Inderøy. Mortinus' father bought Litle Ulven. The grandfather had a farm on Frosta, and stated that he had had 2 wives and 24 children, of which 8 sons in military service!

It is the same family that has been here since the 1780s when the place was first cleared as a homestead, and until today. As previously mentioned, the place was referred to as "Smørbekken" (1780-1886). The name originates from the time the farmers at Sakshaug were supposed to have the cattle grazing on «Nordfjellet». Then they led the animals to the north side of the village where there was a boat ride across the fjord. But the animals had to have water along the way, and here there was an well that was never empty. When they returned in the autumn, they also stopped by this drinking station. Then those who lived on the site received butter in return. Hence the name: «Smørbekken» (Butter creek).

Havet

In 1867, Ole A. Sundfer sold Røvika, which he had bought from his father-in-law in 1850. He then took up “jordkår” at Havet and moved here with his wife Ane Elisabeth, and two children.

Ole died around 1890, but Ane Elisabeth lived there until 1900. The house was then demolished – the land had already reverted to the farm.

The land that belonged to this place went from Ner-Håggån at Hjulstad and along the sea to the Hav- river. Situated across the river was Ørsebekken. Further up the river, two creek mills were reported to have existed in the 1620s.

The name Havet could originate from the older meaning of “Hav”, elevation, ie it was a place for boats/fishing gear to be brought ashore.

Ørsebekken

The house ruins from the croft “Øssebekken”, as it is pronounced locally, are situated on the plains below. The name probably originates from “aur” (ør), the gravel at the outlet of the river Havelva.

In 1865, Lorns and Margrete ran this place. Lorns was an “immigrant” from Gudbrandsdalen and was no ordinary crofter. He was a fiddler and went around playing with Einar Jystad in Sjøsveet. In addition, he ran a general store in Ørsebekken, and he bought the goods from T. Jensen in Trondheim. He probably didn’t become rich at this store, but the spirit of the shopkeeper was obviously awakened in him, as he later ended up as a trusted man in the E. A. Smith company in Trondheim, and moved his family here. One of his daughters married the managing director of the company, while his son became the head of the worldwide company Guggenheim. All the children after Lorns and Margrete did well in the trade, and they were all music lovers.

After the family of Lorns and Margrete had moved, new people came to the place in 1873 - Johan Hogstad and Martine from Verdal. They were the last crofters of the place, and had two sons, Jon and Jørgen. As with many others at this time, the family had virtually no money, and had to shop on credit at the grocery store until they could pay their debt with fish or similar. The main commodities they needed to buy were barley flour and string to tie fishing nets with.

America-travel

The situation meant that Jon and Jørgen had to leave young to make money for the family, and it was the start of an exciting story far from home for both of them. The story is well documented through correspondence with the father and includes both American travel and Lofoten fishing.

The story ended with Jørgen returning home when his father died (1909), married a neighbouring girl in Sjøsveet (Inga), and eventually moved to Nessgård on the other side of the bay - at Sundnesnesset. He was allowed to run the Ørsebekken on settlement conditions and he rowed the crop by boat across the bay. Jon came home from America in 1923, but died the following year by drowning. The inheritance of 32,000 was shared between the widow and Jørgen (after a lengthy trial as Jørgen was bequeathed everything, while the widow thought the testament was void!)

Lake Reviksjøen

This is probably the oldest croft under the farm Røvika, mentioned as early as 1762. Those who lived here were named Rasmus Hanson (24 years) and Gjertrud. In 1765 (Nov 15) a girl from this place was christened – Johanna. Rasmus and Gjertrud were servants under Captain Kiøbing on the main farm Røvika. Four years later, a boy from Lake Reviksjøen is christened, and the place was last mentioned in 1773 in connection with the funeral of Gjertrud – she died of dysentery 40 years old. *

After this, the place is not mentioned in written sources, but it was probably located down by the sea here and is later known as:

Sjøsveet – upper and lower

There were two crofts here. Judging by the name, the soil was probably cultivated by burning and flaming from the sea and upwards.
Rasinus Klepp took over Lower Sjøsveet on a fixed term contract in 1933, and in 1942 he was also allowed to rent the Upper Sjøsveet. Today, this place is a small farm, and the houses in lower Sjøsveet are holiday homes.

*Dysentery is an infectious disease of the intestinal tract, which, among other things, causes bloody stools. In the 18th century, many, especially young people, died of the disease. There were no effective medicines, and epidemics occurred in hot weather and due to poor drinking water / hygiene conditions.

Røvika (Revika)

This farm was first alluded to as early as 1490, when referred to as Rørwiik. Much indicates that the farm was divided, the other part being referred to as Sindisåker (Sør-Røvika). The section down to the sea is also referred to as “HAVET”. There are several possible interpretations of the name: Røvik or Rydvik probably comes from clearing land. Orally speaking, “Revika” is used locally, which may mean “sanctuary”. But that it is a cove is quite obvious.

Anders is the first tenant mentioned – in 1520. Otherwise, many officials have lived on the farm through time – such as a Bailiff, a District Judge, and Military Commanders. Common to several of these was that they owned the farm jointly with various institutions. In 1868, the state bought the farm as Chaplain farm for Inderøy, which it functioned as up to 2004. The seller had the previous year bought the farm from Ole Sundfer who took “KÅRJORD” at Havet (own info board about 1 km towards Straumen from here). One of the priests (S. Vik) ran the farm himself while the rest leased out the land/operation.

From 1913 the farm has been run by the same family and became a freehold farm in 2003.

The first crofters described are from 1762, and they lived in Lake Reviksjøen – it’s believed this place was later referred to as the Upper / Lower Sjøsveet (own info board a little closer to Straumen). The crofters served under Captain Kiøbing – who then had Røvika.

During the period the farm was a Chaplain farm, there were 8 crofts here: Sneve, Raugrinda, Rauenget, (Skogen), Marka, Sjøgjerdet, Øvre and Nedre Sjøsveet, Ørsebekken, and earlier also Rønningen.

Below the farmhouse at Røvika, there is a cellar with 1-meter-thick whitewashed stone walls. This may be from the 17th century, but what it was used for cannot be said with certainty. It may have been a prison during the time the Bailiff lived on the farm – in the ceiling there are forged iron hooks that may have been used to tie up prisoners. Or it may have been used as a wine cellar by sergeants, majors and captains during the time when there were dragon quarters here. It was not a potato cellar at that time, since the potato did not arrive in the country until about 1760.

Marka

The resting shed here at Markaplassen is located where the field of this croft was situated. You can still see the foundations of the houses where Andreas and Gullo lived in 1865. By 1875, his son Anders and his wife Laura had taken over, but their parents still lived here. In 1891 Anders (54 years) died, and then Laura was left alone at the place. She gave up most of the land, but lived here until 1915.

The land was added to the field on the farm and the forest school at Steinkjer has used it for experimental fields. There are therefore many tree species here that are not common in Trøndelag. You can read more about this in the shed below.